What Causes Thyroid Cancer? What are the Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer?, How is thyroid cancer treated? We have compiled some information that you are curious about.
What Causes Thyroid Cancer? What are the Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer?
Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when cells in the thyroid gland turn into cancer. Thyroid cancers are usually seen as a mass in the neck or a nodule in the thyroid gland. In the content of our article, you, our valued friends, can find detailed answers to the questions How is thyroid cancer treated? and What are the symptoms of thyroid cancer? So What causes thyroid cancer?
Most thyroid cancers are seen as a mass in the neck or as a nodule in the thyroid gland. A nodule is the name given to a disease that can be from a pea to a walnut in size, and occurs when cells cluster and create communities. It can be divided into cold and hot. The type that should be taken seriously is the cold, not the hot. Because there is an approximately 15% chance of cancer in these. Therefore, especially those with cold nodules should have a needle thyroid biopsy without wasting time. The reason for performing a biopsy is to determine whether there is cancer in the nodule. Thyroid cancers are very common in people who smoke and drink alcohol. Therefore, it is important to stay away from cancer-causing substances such as cigarettes and alcohol. Eating healthy and having thyroid ultrasounds at regular intervals are important for your health in this case. You can reach more detailed information about thyroid cancer symptoms by continuing our article.
How is Thyroid Cancer Treated?
Thyroid Cancer Symptoms
– Dry skin,
– Weak hair,
– Weight gain,
– Fatigue,
– Irritability,
– Difficulty breathing,
– Difficulty swallowing,
– Swelling in the neck,
– Goiter.
When the thyroid gland grows too much, it can be seen from the outside. The disruption of the hormone balance of the thyroid gland seriously affects metabolism. It also affects all organ systems, blood cholesterol levels, osteoporosis development, and sexual life and desire. There are 3 main diseases that develop due to thyroid base. These are; Thyroid inflammation, goiter and thyroid cancer. Among the thyroid gland diseases, the most common is thyroid nodules. In our country, especially in our provinces where the diet is poor in iodine, goiter frequency can affect more than half of the population. Gender change is also important in the disease. When gender distribution is examined, women are at 5 times more risk than men. The thyroid can also grow in volume in the form of one or more lumps. The medical name for this is nodular goiter. It is known that the factor that causes goiter is iodine deficiency.
For the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, after the manual examination in small goiters, T3, T4, TSH levels in the blood and thyroid scintigraphy tests are applied. The growth of the thyroid gland can cause lump-like growths in the throat in sensitive individuals. This condition is defined as nodulation. In the later years of untreated goiter patients, nodulation may occur. The cancer rate in nodules is 5%. However, 95% of patients with thyroid cancer can continue their normal lives. If the individual suspects goiter, they should first consult an endocrinologist, or hormone disease doctor. The disease often requires teamwork. Because after the ultrasonographic examination to be performed by radiologists after the examination, a needle biopsy may be required to take a sample and interpret it. The preferred fine needle for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules is aspiration biopsy, and patients who are suspicious and diagnosed with cancer are operated on. Surgery is not recommended for patients whose nodules are known to be benign and grow to the point of causing discomfort in the neck during follow-up.
There are 4 types of cancer seen in the thyroid gland.
– Anaplastic type,
– Medullary type,
– Follicular type,
– Papillary type.
How is Thyroid Cancer Treatment Applied?
Anaplastic Type; It constitutes approximately 5% of thyroid cancer. It usually occurs after the age of 60 and when papillary or follicular cancers that have not been treated for many years suddenly change their biological behavior and begin to grow rapidly. In this case, surgical methods cannot be applied. Radiotherapy treatment can only be applied for the purpose of relieving the patient.
Medullary Type; While the genetically transmitted familial types are seen between the ages of 1 and 20, the non-familial types occur after the age of 40 and usually have lymphatic metastasis. It constitutes 5% of thyroid cancers. The treatment is total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection to the side where the tumor is located. Radioactive iodine is not used after surgery in this type. Because the cell where the tumor originates is different from other thyroid cells and cannot retain iodine. The calcitonin value in the blood is measured during follow-ups. 60% of the patients continue their healthy lives after treatment.
Follicular Type; Follicular type patients are mostly women between the ages of 40 and 60. 10% of thyroid cancer is of the follicular type. Follicular cancers are the most difficult group to diagnose among thyroid cancers. In this group, it is not possible to understand whether the lesion is cancerous or not, either in the fine needle biopsy performed before surgery or in the rapid freezing examination performed during surgery. Because in order to understand whether there is cancer in this type, it is necessary to see whether the cells have penetrated the capsule surrounding this mass consisting of normal cells and come out. In the case of such invasion of the capsule, follicular cancer is diagnosed, and if the capsule remains intact, benign follicular tumor is diagnosed. Treatments are total thyroidectomy, as in the papillary type, and radioactive iodine treatment after surgery, regardless of the size of the tumor, in cases of invaded cancer. 80% of patients can continue their healthy lives after treatment.
Are Thyroid Cancers Permanent?
Papillary Type; 80% of thyroid cancers are papillary type. This type of cancer usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 50. The incidence rate in women is 3 times higher than in men. It is the most common type of thyroid cancer in children under the age of 14. It can usually remain below 1 cm without growing for many years and not show any symptoms. In cases where the gland is surgically removed due to goiter or hyperthyroidism, the rate of coincidental discovery is quite high. Thyroid cancers are one of the most common cancers in our country. In recent years, the rate of detection has increased during examinations with ultrasonography devices during check-up programs.
Thyroid cancers can be treated with surgical techniques. The thyroid gland is completely removed. If there is a microcancer smaller than 10 mm in the patient after surgery, no treatment other than thyroid hormone is administered. This treatment reduces the possibility of the disease coming back either locally in the neck or in the form of distant metastasis. If there is lymph node involvement in the neck of the patient, the lymph nodes should be removed as a block along with the thyroid. If this is suspected before the surgery, the lymph node is not surgically removed in any way. If necessary at this stage, the diagnosis is made with a needle biopsy, and the patient’s thyroid gland is removed together with the lymph nodes without disrupting the tissue integrity. This surgery is called total thyroidectomy-modified radical or functional neck lymph node dissection surgery.
What are the Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer?
Trackdown on sick people is done with TSH values and Thyroglobulin values. While TSH shows the amount of hormone taken by the sick person, a Thyroglobulin value around 0 indicates that the disease has been treated. However, in some cases, it is possible for the disease to return without an increase in Thyroglobulin value. More than 90% of sick people can continue their healthy lives after treatment.
What Causes Thyroid Cancer, thyroid cancers are the most common type of cancer today. It can usually be completely treated with appropriate treatment and follow-up. The risk of death in this type of cancer is almost zero. If you have questions about our article about what causes thyroid cancer, you can ask us in the comments section or on our social networks. You can share our page about what causes thyroid cancer with your friends so that they can be informed, and you can inform your friends about our article about what causes thyroid cancer.
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